日志
网教： 美国联邦法与州法
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起诉翰山酷网侵权、诽谤的状纸中有一个部分 “JURISDICTION”（管辖权），论述联邦法院的管辖权，其中SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION ("争议管辖权”）部分写道：
U.S. District Court
大家如果仔细读读美国宪法第三章关于司法分支的条款，里面列举了美国联邦法院能管的争议的各种情况，包括当案件涉及美国宪法或者美国联邦法律，以及不同州的公民之间的纠纷，等等。如果相关争议不是宪法里列举的情况，那么对不起，联邦法院没有争议管辖权，你只能去别的法院，比如说州法院。This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this matter pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1338(a), as this action arises out of the laws of the United States of America, specifically, the claims for copyright infringement founded upon the Copyright Act at 17 U.S.C. §§ 101 et seq., and the claims of false designation of origin and false advertisement founded upon the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1051 et seq. This Court has supplemental jurisdiction over the defamation and state unfair competition claims as they arise out of and relate directly to Defendants' conduct in violation of federal law, as alleged herein.
那么美国联邦法律能管些什么事情呢？这个又被美国宪法给限制了。读美国宪法要像读计算机手册一样。只有那些明确写在宪法里属于联邦政府的权力，才是美国联邦政府能够施行的，其余的权力归于各州及人民。宪法第一章第八节规定美国国会有权提倡科学、艺术、鼓励创作、发明，给作者、发明家们专有权 （“To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;”）。聪明的读者马上知道了，这是指版权（copyright）与专利。版权与专利这两种知识产权不是自然存在，而是法律的产物。我曾经论证到，西方文明的一个重大优势就是这个知识产权的概念，促进了发明、创造与科学的发展。因为知识产权如此重要，美国的创始人们把他们写入了宪法，由美国联邦政府统一管理。任何州法与联邦版权或者专利法冲突都是不行的。
知识产权除了版权、专利之外，还包括商标权。美国国会最初根据上面提到的宪法中赋予的管理版权的权力制订了一部商标法。结果，美国最高法院裁决该法律无效（1879年）：“A trademark is neither an invention, a discovery, nor a writing within the meaning of the eighth clause of the eighth section of the first article of the Constitution... That legislation is void for want of constitutional authority...” （商标既不是发明，也不是发现，也不是宪法 I.8.8 节所说的作品，国会根据改节授权制订商标法无效）。后来，美国国会根据宪法中的"Commerce Clause"重新制订了商标法。所谓"Commerce Clause"写道：“To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes." 换言之，联邦政府有权管理美国与外国、不同州之间以及与印第安人部落之间的商务--- 但不包括完全是一个州内部的商务。以这条为依据制订的商标法就符合了美国宪法。
具体到翰山酷网案，它涉及两部联邦法律，一是 Copyright Act, 而是 Lanham Act，联邦法院就有了管辖权。而本来由州法管辖的诽谤、不公平竞争等作为附带诉求就一并加上去了。
新移民不远万里来到法治的美国，应该积极学习法律，做守法公民才是正道。
U.S. District Court
California Northern District (San Francisco)
CIVIL DOCKET FOR CASE #: 3:15-cv-03463-JCS
Yue v. Han et al Assigned to: Magistrate Judge Joseph C. Spero Cause: 17:101 Copyright Infringement | Date Filed: 07/28/2015 Jury Demand: Plaintiff Nature of Suit: 820 Copyright Jurisdiction: Federal Question |
| Plaintiff | ||
| Dongxiao Yue | represented by | Dongxiao Yue 2777 Alvarado Street., Suite C San Leandro, CA 94577 PRO SE |
V. | ||
| Defendant | ||
| Gaogao Han | ||
| Defendant | ||
| Hanshan.Co | ||
| Defendant | ||
| Hanshan.Info | ||
| Date Filed | # | Docket Text |
|---|---|---|
| 07/28/2015 | 1 | COMPLAINT with Demand for Jury Trial against Gaogao Han, Hanshan.Co, Hanshan.Info (Filing fee $ 400., Receipt Number 44611012617). Filed by Dongxiao Yue. (Attachments: # 1Civil Cover Sheet, # 2 Receipt) (gbaS, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 7/28/2015) (Entered: 07/29/2015) |
| 07/28/2015 | 2 | Certificate of Interested Entities by Dongxiao Yue (gbaS, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 7/28/2015) (Entered: 07/29/2015) |
| 07/28/2015 | 3 | Summons Issued as to Gaogao Han, Hanshan.Co, Hanshan.Info. (gbaS, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 7/28/2015) (Entered: 07/29/2015) |
| 07/28/2015 | 4 | Initial Case Management Scheduling Order with ADR Deadlines: Case Management Statement due by 10/23/2015. Case Management Conference set for 10/30/2015 02:00 PM in Courtroom G, 15th Floor, San Francisco. (Attachments: # 1 Standing Order) (gbaS, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 7/28/2015) (Entered: 07/29/2015) |
| 07/29/2015 | 5 | REPORT on the filing of an action regarding Copyrights Infringement. (cc: form mailed to register). (gbaS, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 7/29/2015) (Entered: 07/29/2015) |
